Understanding Adult Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is a serious infection of the gums and other tissues surrounding the teeth.  Millions of Americans have periodontal disease.  Left untreated, it can lead to tooth and bone loss.  The welcome news is that periodontal treatment can make your mouth healthier and help you keep your teeth.

Though the symptoms of periodontal disease are often subtle, the disease is not entirely without warning signs.  If you have any of the following symptoms, be sure to consult us or your regular dentist:

  • Gums that bleed easily
  • Red, swollen, or tender gums
  • Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
  • Pus between the teeth when the gums are pressed
  • Persistent bad breath or bad taste
  • Permanent teeth that are loose or separating
  • Any change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
  • Any change in the fit of partial dentures

Do some factors increase the risk of developing periodontal diseases?

Yes, some factors can increase the risk of developing periodontal diseases.  If one or more of the following apply to you, it is especially important that you practice good oral hygiene and follow your dentist’s advice to maintain healthy teeth and gums.

  • People who smoke or chew tobacco
  • Some systemic diseases such as diabetes
  • Many medications:  steroids, some anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, some calcium channel blockers, oral contraceptives
  • Bridges that no longer fit properly, crooked teeth or fillings that have become defective
  • Pregnancy

Types of Periodontal Diseases

You may have periodontal disease without noticing any symptoms.  There are three main stages:  Gingivitis, Periodontitis, and Advanced Periodontitis.  Early detection and treatment can help keep periodontal disease from progressing.

  • Gingivitis:  Bacteria and plague have caused the gums to become inflamed and to bleed easily.  Plague gets in the space between the gum and the tooth causing “pockets.”  Good home care and professional cleanings are usually enough to restore healthy gums.

         

  • Periodontitis:  High levels of bacteria initiate a release of  tissue-destroying enzymes.  These enzymes start a process which results in deeper pockets and bone loss.  Treatment is aimed at stopping further damage and reversing the progression of the disease.

         

  • Advanced Periodontitis:  Bacteria and enzymes have caused gum and bone to degrade further.  At this stage, tooth loss is possible, and it is critical to avoid this outcome.

         

How do I prevent periodontal disease from recurring?

Good oral hygiene at home is essential to help keep periodontal disease from becoming more serious or recurring.  Your dentist also will want to see you at regular intervals.  You may need to schedule more frequent visits than you have in the past. 

 
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